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SAT 에세이 쓰는 방법
Author
Catherine
Date
2010-08-22 09:04
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21350
제가 늘상 가는 사이트의 칼럼에 아래 글을 소개해 놓은 것을 옮겨 봅니다. 여기는 캐나다라 별로 상관 없으실 분도 계시지만 미국으로 아이들 대학을 보내고 싶은 분들을 위해 혹시나 하고 올립니다. 그렇지 않더라도 에세이 쓰는 방법에 대해 궁금하신 분들도 참고하시면 좋을 것 같구요. 원문은 아래 링크에서 확인할 수 있습니다.
http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/sat-preparation/645763-how-write-12-essay-just-10-days.html
How to Write a 12 Essay in Just 10 Days
The SAT Essay
Key Points:
1. Create your own template – aka “Universal Template.”
2. Research your 25 default examples.
3. Learn to write a strong thesis sentence: <Keyword + Yes OR No Why/How/What?>
4. Work on transitions.
5. Create an interesting introduction and a strong conclusion.
Having taught classes on how to take the SAT for more than 10 years now,
I find the SAT essay section to be the easiest and most predictable
section of the test. The cool thing about this section is that the
College Board can only test you on a limited range of prompts and your
response(s) can be customized, prepared, practiced, and mastered. I am
not talking about cheating on the SAT, but being prepared for all
possible scenarios, to the point that nothing can surprise you.
Many academies and private tutors claim that you cannot prepare a
specific essay on a particular topic in advance, but I disagree. This
section of the SAT can indeed be predicted, prepared, and mastered
before you even step into the test site.
The SAT Essay: The 80:20 Rule
Let’s take a scientific approach to the SAT essay. Unlike the math
section of the SAT, the verbal section is feared by many students
because of the abundance of advanced vocabulary, grammar rules,
unpredictable reading genres, and essay prompts.
Students frequently ask:
1. How many SAT words should I memorize?
2. Which books should I read to prepare for the critical reading section?
3. How about dictions and idioms? How many are there?
4. Can I predict possible essay prompts?
5. Can I guarantee at least a double-digit score on my essay?
My responses are:
1. 3,000-5,000, depending on your previous exposure to the SAT
2. Combination of novels, magazines, journals, and textbooks (Ryan’s Top 10 Picks)
3. Less than 100 idioms and dictions
4. Absolutely!
5. Absolutely, yes!
My approach is this: Instead of trying to figure out what prompts and/or
passages to expect, why not concentrate on the design of the SAT itself
– in this case the SAT essay – so no matter what is thrown at you, you
are not easily surprised and you can calm yourself by having a
step-by-step plan already in place.
So, I came up with the “80:20 Rule.” This rule applies not only to the
SAT, but also to the ACT, GRE, and GMAT. The concept is simple: Find
ways to predict and prepare for 80% of the test, and only worry about
20% (which can also be mastered) during the test. How? Simple. Again,
learn the design, put yourself in the College Board’s shoes, and learn
the tricks so you don’t fall into the traps. I will give you plenty of
examples and guidelines, so don’t panic!
Basics of the SAT Essay
1. You are only given 25 minutes to complete the essay. But trust me …
when you take the real test, it’s not going to feel like a whole 25
minutes. Make sure you give yourself less time when practicing (16-18
minutes), so you can build up mental and physical stamina.
2. Be aware of the psychological effect of section 1. The essay will
always be the first section of the SAT. If you mess it up for whatever
reason, it’s going to haunt you for the rest of the test. But if you
nail it, you will gain the confidence to continue to the rest of the
sections.
3. Many academies say it is OK to use “I” but again … I say no. Although
“I” is acceptable to express your personal point(s) of view, it weakens
your thesis. If you begin with “I believe,” you are presenting your
personal, fundamentally biased opinion – therefore, avoid using “I” if
possible.
4. Essays are scored by two graders. Each grades on a scale of 1-6 (for a
total of 12). Remember, though, that each grader has only a minute or
so to read and grade your essay. That is why highlighting certain
sections of your essay might do the trick to help you succeed.
5. Do not veer off topic! Answer the question. If you don’t, you will
receive a grade of zero. Believe me … I have seen it happen.
6. Your essay equals 1/3 of your writing score: +/- 250. So, it is crucial that you do well!
How to Prepare for the 80:20 Rule
There are 10 steps you must learn and master. Once you have your own
custom-made template, 25 quality examples, 3 to 5 transitions, and
detail plug-ins, you are ready to tackle all possible prompts.
Key Terms:
1. Universal Template: A pre-built template/structure that you can use to write your essay.
2. 25 Quality Examples: Edison, JFK, and Hitler are elementary examples.
They are trite, and most graders will not be impressed by them. Use
high-quality examples, such as Jack Welch, Howard Schultz, Steven Jobs,
the Enron scandal, the Patriot Act, etc. Remember! Graders get only a
minute or so to read and grade your essay. You must do everything
possible to impress them.
3. Transitions: There are pre-built transitions that you can easily pick
and choose to smooth out the flow of your essay. I will give you some
examples as we go.
4. Plug-ins: Plug-ins are all details that were pre-researched,
pre-written, and memorized – ready to be used at a moment’s notice.
So, Here Are the 10 Steps:
Step 1 (20 seconds): Brainstorm and come up with three to five quality examples.
Do not choose a side before you come up with examples. This is extremely
important because without examples you will not be able to complete
your essay. In other words, your opinion does not matter unless you can
support it. Let your examples dictate which side you choose – not the
other way around.
Step 2 (10 seconds): Agree or disagree with the prompt.
Now that you have three to five examples, it is time for you to take a
stance. Agree or disagree with the prompt. If it is an open-ended
question, by now you should have come up with a response.
Step 3 (1 minute): Write your thesis: <Keyword + Agree OR Disagree + Why/How/What?>
Follow this simple formula to write you thesis. Later, you will be
allowed to make it more personal by adding adjectives, examples, etc.,
but for now, I want you to stick with this. Why? To create a backbone to
your thesis writing so you know exactly what to do and what not to
miss.
First, start with the keyword. If the prompt is: “Honesty is always the
best policy,” then start with “honesty” so your reader/grader knows that
you are on point. After your keyword, immediately agree or disagree
with the prompt.
For example: Honesty is crucial … (Agree) OR Honesty can be detrimental …
(Disagree). Once you’ve done this, then you have to explain the Why and
the How. Without this step, all you are doing is repeating the prompt.
You must explain why you agree or disagree with the prompt.
For example: Honesty is crucial to build and maintain trust.
Bad Intros:
1. Ladies and gentlemen of the College Board …
2. What would Jesus do? ...
3. Once upon a time …
4. “Failure is the mother of success!!!” …
By the way, I have actually seen these introductory phrases written by real students. Please, don’t make the same mistake.
Step 4 (1 minute): Complete your introduction.
Now spend a minute or so completing your introductory paragraph. Make
sure you write at least two sentences but no more than three, as you’ll
run out of time.
My version: <Thesis. Several examples from history/current
events/literary works/classic films/science clearly demonstrate that
Keyword is Paraphrased Thesis.> <Elaborate a bit more if you
want.>
For example: Honesty is crucial to build and maintain trust. Several
examples from literary works and current events clearly demonstrate that
honesty always prevails.
That’s it. Two sentences are good enough for the SAT essay. I am not
saying don’t write more, but there is no need to write five to six
sentences. It’s important that you move on since you only have 25
minutes to complete a full-length essay. Remember! This is not your
typical school essay, in which you have to develop your thesis and write
your thesis at the end of your introductory paragraph. The SAT essay
does not work that way. You must get straight to the point, answer the
prompt/question, and move on to your examples. That’s the only way
you’ll finish on time. Also, it is important to remind you that
readers/graders know that you were given only 25 minutes to complete
your essay. They will be lenient and not penalize every grammatical
error. Readers/graders, however, will penalize you for excessive
patterns of spelling and grammar errors – I mean … who wouldn’t?
Step 5 (1 minute): Write your transitional thesis: <Transition + Modified Thesis>.
It is time to introduce your first example. Avoid being abrupt. Start
with a transitional phrase that will smoothly transition from your
introduction to your body paragraph 1.
Here are some recommended transitional phrases:
1. As demonstrated by …
2. As shown by …
3. In the novel 1984 by George Orwell, …
4. In the film Metropolis by Fritz Lang, …
5. Through the actions of …
6. <Name/Example>, Description, …
Then you have to add a modified version of your thesis. You need to add
your example and blend it with your thesis to make it more relevant.
For example: In the novel 1984 by George Orwell, Winston’s rebellious
thoughts/actions are direct results of the party’s deceptive/dishonest
political tactics.
Step 6 (2 minutes): Use accelerated plug-in 1.
This is where the 80:20 Rule really shines. Now that you have
pre-researched and memorized all details related to your example(s),
it’s time to make full use of them and plug them in to build volume and
persuasive content. Give yourself two minutes to write at least six
sentences of pure supportive details/content. Of course, all
details/content must be relevant to the prompt! If not, you are padding;
that will get you not a zero, but somewhere in the 2-4 range.
Important: Make sure you pepper your plug-in with some statistics, full
names, and dates – a sure tactic to impress your graders.
AWFUL: “Students should not play PS3 because my mom told me so!”
BAD: “Students should avoid playing PS3 because I play it three to four hours a day and my GPA is 2.5”
OKAY: “Students should avoid playing PS3 as it may lead to a lower GPA,
dependency/addiction to gaming, and distraction from other important
activities/duties.”
GOOD: “According to the National Behavioral Research Center (NBRC),
students who play PS3 for more than an hour a day will likely develop a
Game Dependency Syndrome, which will negatively affect students’ GPA
<and/or> their chances of getting into college.”
Step 7 (1 minute): Provide personal Input (PI).
Now that you’ve plugged in everything you know about your first example,
it’s time to make some sense out of it and tie your plug-ins back to
the prompt. Without a clear explanation and/or justification of why you
plugged in those details, your paragraph will just be a copy-pasted
version of Wikipedia.
Write one to two sentences – in your own words – about how your plug-ins help support your thesis.
Suggested transitions:
1. Therefore,
2. Hence,
3. Thus,
For example: Therefore, Winston’s actions prove that
(government/leaders/country/party’s) dishonesty/deception can lead to
societal/widespread chaos and rebellion.
Step 8 (8 minutes): Repeat the above process two times.
Remember! You need three examples/three body paragraphs – not two.
Providing three examples/body paragraphs is another way to guarantee a
double-digit score.
Step 9 (2 minutes): Write a strong conclusion: The power of “indeed.”
Your conclusion is extremely important as it is the final piece of
information graders will read before grading your essay. Think of it as
the last impression you leave on your graders – the stronger it is, the
higher the score. Your conclusion must be succinct, to the point, and,
most importantly, well crafted. By this, I mean that you should not
leave such an important part of your essay up to improvisation. You must
pre-plan for this and create multiple plug-ins.
For example: After a careful analysis of X, Y, Z (Plug-ins), Keyword is
“indeed” Modified Thesis. <Contrasting Statement to Further Support
Your Thesis>. <Optional: Ending Personal Input>.
For example: After a careful analysis of 1984, Of Mice and Men, and
Fahrenheit 451, one can see that honesty is, indeed, the best policy in
building and maintaining long-lasting trust. Without honesty, societies
can fall into chaos. Staying true to one another is the only way to
prevent such destructive happenings/occurrences.
Step 10 (1-2 minutes): Whew! You’re almost done.
All you need to do now is go back and make sure you did not make any
silly mistakes. Spend a minute or so revising and proofreading your
essay. I’ve seen so many silly mistakes from my students that I must ask
you to not make these same mistakes.
Sample Template
Q: Is honesty always the best policy?
<THESIS> Honesty is crucial to build and maintain trust.
<Plug-In> Several examples from history/current
events/science/literary works clearly demonstrate that KEYWORD...
<TRANSITIONAL THESIS 1> As demonstrated by EXAMPLE 10,
<MODIFIED THESIS>. <ACCELERATED PLUG-IN> ……………….……………..(six
sentences)………...……………………. <PERSONAL INPUT> Therefore/Hence/Thus
...
<REPEAT ABOVE PROCESS TWO TIMES>
<CONCLUSION with “INDEED”> After a careful analysis of X, Y, and
Z, KEYWORD is INDEED crucial to... <ENDING PERSONAL INPUT> Had X,
Y, Z been KEYWORD, they would have/not have …
Universal Template
Make sure the template you build can be applied to all possible prompts.
The key is to make it generic/broad enough. For example, Intro Plug-In:
“Several examples from…” is generic enough that you can use it no
matter what the prompt.
Time Management
Give yourself less time during practice; 16-18 minutes should do to
simulate the real test. Trust me … when you take the real test, it is
not going to feel like a whole 25 minutes. Because of all the pressure
and anxiety, you will feel rushed – thus, 16-18 minutes are perfect to
prep for this section.
Subjective Nature
Graders are humans after all, and there is no way of predicting how they
will react to your essay. That is why relying on a proven template is a
safer way to go than improvising during the test. Avoid using
controversial examples such as those relating to religion, politics,
race, and gender. You never know who will be reading and grading your
essay.
Length
Simply put - length matters. No matter what the makers of the SAT say,
it is a fact that longer essays reflect more profound knowledge of the
subject matter. I find that length and thesis are the two most important
factors in determining an essay’s grade. Do not leave any space if
possible.
Legibility
Make sure your essay is readable. I have seen some horrible handwriting
and I have given them mostly 6s and 8s, depending on what I could get
from the essays. Write legibly and make sure that your writing is not
too big or too small.
Vocabulary
Too many students make the mistake of using excessive SAT words in hopes
of impressing the graders. Don’t be a pretender! only use those words
that you are comfortable using. Sometimes, it is better to just use
simple words as long as you can get your point across.
Grammar
You won’t be penalized severely as long as you don’t make obvious
mistakes. Graders understand that you are writing under pressure and
that you are only given 25 minutes to write a full-length essay.
Therefore, spend the last a minute or so proofreading for obvious/silly
mistakes.
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